13 Steps to Investing Foolishly - Step 9

Step 9: Invest Like the Masters

Growth, value, international. Which style is right for you? If you're a Fool, you happily blend together all three! Join us, though, as we walk through three distinct yet Foolish styles of investing, and see if you can figure out which way you tilt.

Growth investing, starring Peter Lynch
Growth guru Peter Lynch is a legend around the halls of Fool HQ. Quotes of his adorn our walls -- "Never invest in any idea you can't illustrate with a crayon" and "Although it is easy to forget sometimes, a share is not a lottery ticket … it's part-ownership of a business." We've even named a conference room in his honor.

So what makes Lynch so great? A wildly successful investor, Lynch truly stole our hearts with his books One Up on Wall Street and Beating the Street, both of which were resounding calls for the empowerment of small investors. By sharing his commonsense and replicable philosophy in a plain-spoken fashion, Lynch convinced a generation of investors that they didn't need an MBA or a white-shoe stock broker to invest in the stock market.

The core drivers of Lynch's growth-centric strategy are pretty straightforward: Invest in growing, unheralded, easy-to-understand companies. Here's how it rolls:

1. Buy what you know: Lynch believes that the average investor knows more than they think. Not only do you consume an array of products and services on a daily basis, but you've developed unique career insights that can give you a leg up on the Street. Put them to use! Invest in what you know, understand, and are comfortable with, and leave the rest for the "pros."
2. Seek hidden gems: Lynch highlights that individual investors have a huge opportunity when it comes to small- and micro-cap stocks. Most Wall Street research houses can't afford the time or staff to cover small- and micro-cap stocks, and most mutual funds are too large to comfortably trade in and out of them. The end result is that small caps are frequently mis- and under-priced, leaving enterprising investors the chance to buy into small, growing businesses on the cheap.
3. Diversify: Lynch's Magellan Fund held an incredible 1,000+ stocks when he finally handed off the reins in 1990. For perspective, that's roughly five times the average number held by U.S. equity funds. Lynch spilled coffee on the Ivory Tower of Modern Portfolio Theory by proving you can comfortably crush the market despite being incredibly well diversified. How? By choosing small, growing, well-managed companies and letting them run.

Value investing, starring Warren Buffett
No offense to the father of value investing, Benjamin Graham, but his pupil and understudy Warren Buffett is The Man when it comes to the practice and theory of value investing. Value investing is the art of buying stocks for less than their fair, or "intrinsic" value.

For Buffett and his legion of value-investing disciples, the craft involves three steps:

1. Buy great businesses: Buffett looks for businesses that boast strong brands, management teams, cash flow, and staying power. Serious staying power. The kinds of businesses that you think will outlive you -- names like Coca-Cola (NYSE: KO  ) ,Procter & Gamble (NYSE: PG  ) , and Johnson & Johnson (NYSE: JNJ  ) . Once he finds these great businesses, he looks to buy them when they're out-of-favor, and then patiently holds on for years upon years as these beauties compound wealth.
2. Be contrarian: It takes some nerve to buy stocks that everyone else is down on, but Buffett has made a living by going against the grain. As he's been wont to say, "Be fearful when others are greedy, and greedy when others are fearful."
3. Invest for the long haul: As Buffett once said, "Our favorite holding period is forever." And if you can't tell from our section on investor temperament, we feel the same way!

International investing, starring Sir John Templeton
As with Lynch and Buffett, we celebrate Sir John Templeton's philanthropy, intellectual curiosity, and Foolishness. Templeton's success was not the result of a proprietary trading scheme, inside information, massive amounts of leverage, or complicated derivatives. Rather, like Lynch and Buffett, Templeton succeeded because of sound, fundamental research and the patience and discipline to hold stocks for years.

His philosophies have become widely adopted today because they work and because people realize that in a global economy, it no longer makes sense to be provincial about investing. But many individual investors continue to try to time the markets and trade with a short time horizon.

His success also reflected a willingness to look where other investors would not. Appreciate Templeton for all we've said, but also for:

1. Going abroad: In a time when conventional wisdom demanded that investment houses set up on Wall Street, in Boston, or in London, Templeton instead fled to the peace and quiet of the Bahamas. He was one of the first foreign investors to focus on Japan, and he strode early into Russia.
2. Investing consistently: Templeton didn't chase a lower-case fool's errand by trying to time the market. As he once said, "The best time to invest is when you have money. This is because history suggests it is not timing the markets that matters, it is time."

John meets Warren meets Peter
Again, the perfect Foolish portfolio blends the traits of all these master investors: A business-focused, diverse portfolio of growth and value stocks, both foreign and domestic. But your exact mix is a matter of personal style and risk tolerance. For that ...

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